生态型聚优方法创造优质早熟高配合力糯玉米自交系申W22

采用生态型聚优方法培育出优质早熟高配合力糯玉米自交系申W22，经DUS测定，在品种特异性、一致性和稳定性方面符合国家标准，获国家新品种权。该自交系具以下特点：①优质，糯性品质好，支链淀粉／粗淀粉含量98．88％。②早熟性状遗传稳定，以申W22为亲本组成的杂交种生育期介于双亲之间，比双亲平均值缩短，并倾向于早熟的申W22亲本。③配合力高，以申W22为父本育成的沪玉糯一号、二号、三号，产量高，比对照苏玉糯一号增产5％-22、9％左右。     

不同生态类型粳稻品种3个幼苗性状的遗传变异及其与株高的相关性分析

研究了自然条件及30℃、12h光照控制条件下6个生态类型的95个粳稻品种芽鞘长度、不完全叶长度及7d后苗高3个幼苗性状的遗传变异及其与株高的相关性。结果表明，95个品种中3个幼苗性状都存在真实的遗传变异；3个幼苗性状平均值的大小与生育期长短之间没有明显的对应关系；控制条件下不完全叶长度和苗高小于自然条件下的；在两种条件下，不完全叶长度在不同生态类型之间存在极显著的差异，且与株高存在着显著或极显著的相关性。不完全叶长度可以作为鉴别株高差异大的亲本所配F1杂种种子纯度的幼苗性状。     

温室黄瓜有机生态型无土栽培技术研究

通过5年多的“温室黄瓜有机生态型无土栽培技术”生产实践，初步掌握并总结出了该栽培方式的关键技术，以期为温室黄瓜的优质高产栽培提供一些技术参考。     

Endophyte Effects on Nutrient Acquisition in Tall Fescue Grown in Andisols

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin on the mineral content of tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Schreb., SJ Darbyshire) ecotypes (Fukaura, Koiwai, and Showa) grown on two Andisols (Black Andisol and Red Andisol) with different fertilities. Black Andisol, with a naturally low content of phosphorus, was high in other nutrients, while Red Andisol, with a naturally high content of phosphorus, was low in other nutrients. Shoot dry weight was significantly higher in endophyte-infected (E+) than endophyte-free (E?) plants grown in Black Andisol. On the other hand, in Red Andisol, only Fukaura showed higher shoot dry matter production in E+ plants as compared to E- plants. In general, greater concentrations of phosphorus and manganese were found in endophyte-infected (E+) plants than non-infected (E?) plants. Accumulation of all nutrients in E+ plants was remarkably higher than in E? plants. Excluding the plant ecotype effect, the nutrient concentration and accumulation pattern for plants in the two soils was different in E+ and E? plants. Plants growing in Black Andisol had greater concentrations of phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in E+ plants than those of E? plants whereas for plants in Red Andisol the reverse was true. Significantly higher concentration of manganese (Mn) was found in E+ plants irrespective of soils. Regardless of endophyte and ecotypes, plants grown in Black Andisol showed significantly higher values for both nutrient concentration and accumulation than those in Red Andisol. Apart from the plant ecotype Showa, all other ecotypes had the greatest accumulation and concentration of phosphorus in E+ plants. In two types of soil and among the three plant ecotypes, endophyte infection had different effects on nutrients acquisition. Giving emphasis on nutrient accumulation, endophyte played an overall negative role on plants grown in Red Andisol. There may be a metabolic cost of harboring endophytes offset its benefit in Red Andisol. Since the same species of endophyte infected all three ecotypes, our results show that the host/endophyte interaction depends on plant ecotype as well as the ability of the soil to supply nutrients.     

Foliar applied harpin effects on fruit quality of peppers

Abstract

During the past century, changes in cropping systems have led to selective pressure on weed flora. The number of competitive species with decreased susceptibility to herbicides has increased, at the cost of more susceptible species. For a long period, the economically important perennial weed species Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Sonchus arvensis L. have mainly been controlled by the herbicide MCPA (phenoxy-acetic acid), which stimulates the weed plant to abnormal growth. However, it has been reported from Sweden, Great Britain, Hungary and North America that C. arvense has become less susceptible to MCPA since the 1950s. Therefore, two greenhouse experiments were performed at Uppsala, Sweden with clones of C. arvense and S. arvensis. The purpose was to study whether ecotypes (clones) from high input farmland, where herbicides had been used intensively and regularly for a long time, were less susceptible to herbicide (MCPA) treatment than ecotypes from low input farmland. Sixty clones of C. arvense and 36 clones of S. arvensis were treated with nine different doses of MCPA. The results supported the suggestion that a shift towards less MCPA-susceptible ecotypes of C. arvense had occurred on high input farmland. Clone material from such farmland had, on average, significantly higher dry matter content after herbicide treatment than ecotypes from low input farmland. Similar decrease in susceptibility was not detected for S. arvensis. This was probably due to S. arvensis generally being less susceptible to MCPA than C. arvense. Sonchus arvensis has therefore being exposed to a lower selection pressure than C. arvense.     

Lectures: Impact of genomics on the study of plant nutrition. 6. Advance in recent QTL studies—basic research toward application for agriculture

(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 337–342, 2006)     

内蒙古几种野生牧草生态型的研究——Ⅰ华北驼绒藜

通过对2份华北驼绒藜材料农艺性状、化学成分、染色体、同功酶等各项指标的对比，确定了内蒙古哲里木盟和巴彦淖尔盟产的2种华北驼绒藜为2个地理生态型，并对其进行了评价。     

畜禽污染防治工程典型模式效益分析

案例分析能源生态型沼气工程、能源环保型沼气工程和发酵床技术的工艺类型,比较3种工程的经济效益、技术效益和环境效益。沼气工程前期投资大,但大型能源生态型沼气工程可以通过丰富再生能源获得收益,能源环保型沼气工程相对于能源生态型沼气工程投资大、收益小,发酵床技术可以实现畜禽粪便"零排放",但菌剂费用造成高额运行费用。建议加强大型生态型沼气工程发展,增强发酵床菌剂的研究以降低发酵床运行成本,推动有机肥市场的有效运行。     

刺槐林下植被的水分生态型和生活型谱特征

为探讨刺槐生长对当地地带性植被生长的影响,2006年8—9月对位于黄土高原森林草原区安塞县纸坊沟流域不同林龄的刺槐林下植被进行群落调查,分析林下植被的物种组成、水分生态型和生活型谱特征。刺槐林下植被的演替具有与撂荒地自然演替类似的进程,与撂荒演替不同的是,阳生性的白羊草在刺槐林下始终未形成优势种群。尽管刺槐生长过度消耗土壤水分,土壤旱化趋势明显,植被却由旱生型向中生型转变,从物种组成的角度看并没有明显的旱生倾向。随着刺槐林龄的增加,林下植被逐渐形成2个明显的层片,即以多年生半灌木蒿类为主的地上芽植物层片和以多年生丛生性禾草为主的地面芽植物层片。结果表明,刺槐的生长并没有从根本上改变林下植被的自然演替进程,选择刺槐作为本区域植被恢复的先锋树种是可行的。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区坡沟植被生态序列研究

植被生态序列是小地形对植被空间分布影响的反映。采用样线法,对安塞纸坊沟支沟拐沟中南北向短坡面深沟谷和长坡面浅沟谷断面进行植被调查,分析其植被生态序列特征、物种组成及物种多样性。结果表明：短坡面深沟谷序列主要以灌乔木等演替后期物种为主,而长坡面浅沟谷序列则主要为草本物种;同一序列中,阴坡、沟谷地具有比阳坡、沟间地复杂的演替后期群落;序列中物种主要由菊科（Compositae）、豆科（Leguminosem）和禾本科（Gramineae）构成,生活型主要为多年生草本,生态型以旱生、中旱生为主。α多样性指数在阴坡和短坡面深沟谷序列较高,β多样性指数在地形变化活跃的沟缘线区较高。研究结果可为黄土丘陵沟壑区植被建设人工调节提供参考依据。